我国七人陪审合议庭制度的问题与对策:以日本裁判员制度为镜鉴

On the Problems and Countermeasures in the System of the Seven-member Jury Collegiate Panel in China:Using the Japanese Referee System as a Mirror

2018年通过的《中华人民共和国人民陪审员法》设立了七人陪审合议庭制度,但该项制度仍存在诸多不完善之处,主要表现在于:规定了两种互相矛盾的陪审员权力,七人陪审合议庭中陪审员权力不明确,七人陪审合议庭表决制度存在漏洞,陪审制度和审级制度间的关系仍不明确。日本的裁判员制度在实施初期实现了裁判员的积极参与,且表决制度的设定更为完善,但在实践过程中也出现了与审级制度间的矛盾和对陪审制度认识存在偏差的问题。为此,在吸取日本裁判员制度实践的经验教训基础上,主张改变三人陪审合议庭结构并统一陪审员的职权,立法明确陪审员职权,改革七人陪审合议庭表决制度等方面对七人陪审合议庭制度进行完善。

The newly passed People’s Jury Law of the People’s Republic of China established a seven-member jury collegiate system,but the system still has many imperfections.The main deficiencies are that two conflicting jury powers are provided;the power of the jury in the seven-member jury panel is unclear;the seven-member jury collegiate voting system has loopholes;and the relationship between the jury system and the trial-level system is still unclear.The referee system in Japan realized the active participation of referees in the early stage of implementation,and the setting of the voting system was perfect.But in the process of practice,there are also contradictions with the trial-level system and deviations from the correct understanding of the jury system.Therefore,drawing lessons from the practice of the Japanese referee system,it is advocated to change the structure of the three-person jury collegial panel,to unify and specify the juror’s power by enacting the law,and to perfect jury collegiate voting system,so as to made improvements on the seven-member jury collegiate panel.