学校体育生活化三路向——基于哈贝马斯“生活世界”的启示

Three Ways on Mixing School Sports into Life:Based on the Life-World Theory of Habermas

在学校体育与学生生活关系的论争上,学校体育生活化是一个批判性命题。学校体育内容生活化缺失批判、学校体育效果生活化遗失窘境、学校体育价值生活化异化"幽灵"是学界的三大批判声音。在理解学生生活世界这一关键问题上,学校体育生活化批判者在认识论基础上陷入意识哲学的困境,哈贝马斯的交往哲学理论拓展了学生的生活世界。基于哈贝马斯生活世界结构观,学校体育生活化至少表现在3个维度:文化、社会、个性。文化维度的学校体育生活化表现为学生体育文化的浸润,实现由知识储备--运动技能的获得,到文化认同,最终体现为文化进化或文化遗传;社会维度的学校体育生活化表现为社会促进,规则意识的形成,最终促进学生的社会化与社会关系的和谐发展;个性维度的学校体育生活化表现为个性融通,学生以个性化的运动技能在获得相关组织与团体认可的同时,最终实现他人认同与自我认同。提出:在历史上,学校体育未曾脱离学生生活世界,不同时期的生活化指向不同;在时效上,学校体育生活化可分为"当下的生活化"和"未来的生活化";在策略上,学校体育应关注学生"规则意识"与"自我意识"的培养。

On the debate of the relationship between school sports and student life,mixing school sports into daily life is a natural critical proposition.There are three viewpoints,which are the critique of school physical education content lacking daily life,the dilemma of school sports effect losing in daily life,the dissimilation of school sports value about life.In the key issues of understanding students’life world,however,people sink into the predicament of conscious philosophy on the basis of epistemology.Habermas’s philosophy of interaction theory greatly expands the research world,and its construct of"personal,cultural,and social integration of the world picture"offers a more direct and wide vision on mixing sports into life.From the perspective of Habermas’life world structure,mixing school sports into life is represented at least three dimensions:culture,society and personality.Cultural dimensions of mixing sports into life appears to be the infiltration of sports culture,realizing from sports skills reserve to the cultural identity of different sports,ultimately embodied in cultural evolution and cultural inheritance.Social dimension of mixing sports into life appears as social development and the formation of rule consciousness,eventually to promote the students’socialization process and the harmonious development of the social relations.Personality dimensions of mixing sports into life is personality accommodation.Students gain organizations’and groups’recognition because of personalized exercise skills and finally realize their others-identity and self-identity.Based on this,it is necessary to defend that,historically,school sports have never been separated from the students’living world.Different periods have different life orientation.Chronologically,school sports life can be divided into"current life"and"future life".From strategy,school sports should focus on the cultivation of students’"rule consciousness"and"selfconsciousness".