概念经验对乒乓球运动员动作加工的影响——一项ERP研究

Effect of Conceptual Experience on the Action Processing in Table Tennis Players:An ERP Study

目的考察在竞技运动领域,概念经验如何参与运动员的动作加工过程及其大脑加工特征。方法以言语研究中的典型脑电成分N400为指标,通过改变后期动作结果与前期动作序列是否匹配,探索不同技能水平运动员相较于无经验的普通大学生在加工乒乓球动作时是否会诱发明显的N400成分。结果①专家组和新手组运动员的反应时和正确率均显著高于对照组(P=0.002);②专家组(P=0.047)和新手组(P<0.001)在不匹配条件下相较于匹配条件均诱发了显著的类N400成分,而对照组在2类条件下诱发的类N400波幅无显著差异(P=0.846);③进一步将行为表现与脑电结果进行相关分析,发现只有专家组的反应正确率与类N400效应呈显著相关(r=0.62,P=0.001)。结论验证了运动员加工专项动作的优势,这种优势除源于动作经验的参与外,还源于概念经验的调节作用,且技能水平越高的运动员,其动作加工过程越与概念经验系统的参与相关。

Objective It is to investigate how conceptual experience was involved in action processing and its neural mechanisms in the competitive sport field.Methods The cortical responses were recorded when participants in three groups were completing an action anticipation task,including expert table tennis players(Expert Group,EG),less-experienced table tennis players(Less-experienced Group,LG),and nonexperienced college students(Control Group,CG).The semantic-related N400 component was analyzed to explore the electrophysiological correlates of conceptual violation by presenting the incongruent ball trajectory compared with the congruent trajectory after the body-kinematics video-clip.Results①The response accuracy in either EG or LG was higher than that in CG(P=0.002);②The incongruent condition elicited higher N400-like amplitude than congruent condition both in EG(P=0.047)and LG(P<0.001),but not in CG(P=0.846);③There was a significant correlation between response accuracy and the N400-like effect only in EG(r=0.62,P=0.001).Conclusion The results verified the superior performance in special action processing for players after long-term training.Besides the action experience,the study further found the modulation of conceptual experience on action processing.In addition,as the skill level becomes higher,dependence on the conceptual experience will increase as well.