生产补贴提升全球价值链分工了么——基于生产分割视角的考察

Have Government Subsidies Contributed to the Division of Manufacturing Production in GVCs——An Investigation Based on Production Segmentation Length

本文匹配了1998—2011年中国工业企业年数据与WIOD数据库,用多种方法测算了衡量生产分割程度的生产阶段数,探讨了政府生产补贴对全球价值链分工程度提升的内在机制效应。研究结果发现:(1)政府生产补贴对生产分割具有显著的促进作用。而且生产补贴与全球生产分割及国内生产分割具有显著的"U"型关系,而与国际生产分割为倒"U"型关系。(2)政府生产补贴对生产分割的影响通过企业"生产率效应""产品创新"以及"交易成本"发生作用,企业获得生产补贴后,通过提高企业生产率显著地提升了国际生产阶段数,而降低了全球生产阶段数和国内生产阶段数;生产补贴提升了企业的创新能力,产业分工深化、产业链的延长,国际和国内外包呈现互补效应;政府生产补贴对生产分割的促进作用会受到交易成本的影响,交易成本的上升抑制了产品生产链条延长,降低了产业的分工程度。(3)中介效应模型的结果显示,政府生产补贴与企业"生产率效应""产品创新"以及"交易成本"存在部分性质的中介效应,且生产补贴与全要素生产率及企业创新活动之间存在先上升后下降的倒"U"关系。

This paper matched the data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2011 with the WIOD database,and used a variety of methods to measure the length of production stages that represented the degree of production segmentation,and explored the intrinsic mechanism effects of government production subsidies on the status of GVCs.Firstly,the results of the study find that government production subsidies have a significant role in promoting production segmentation.Moreover,production subsidies have a significant U-shape relationship with global production segmentation and domestic production segmentation,but have an inverted U-shape relationship with international production segmentation.Secondly,the impact of government production subsidies on production segmentation is effected through the Productivity Effect,Product Innovation Effect and Transaction Cost Effect.The enterprises that enjoy production subsidies have significantly increased the length of international production stages by increasing their productivity,while reducing the length of global production stages and domestic production stages.Production subsidies enhance the company’s innovation capabilities,deepen industrial division of labor,extend the industrial chain,and international outsourcing and domestic and foreign outsourcing are complementary.The promotion effect of government subsidies on production segmentation will be affected by transaction costs.That is,as transaction costs rise,the extension of the product production chain is suppressed,and the industry’s subengineering degree is reduced.Thirdly,there is a partial intermediary effect between government production subsidies and enterprises’Productivity Effect,Product Innovation Effect and Transaction Cost Effect,and there is an inverted U-shape relationship between production subsidies and TFP,and product innovation also exists.