日语熟语中「首」字的语义与象征义

The Semantic and Symbolic Meanings of"Kubi"in Japanese Idioms

日语熟语中的「首」字语义很多,象征意义也丰富多彩,然而迄今为止,国内外学界对其鲜有研究。为阐明这些语义及其与象征意义的关系,本文依据字源考证和分类归纳的方法,对「首」字字义及其变迁作出分析,对含「首」字的熟语做了意义区分,并根据它们的引申义归纳出「首」字的象征义。据此阐明:日语熟语「首」字义不仅受到汉语的影响,还具有较鲜明的日本语言文化特色。该象征意义除受到日本古代文化背景影响外,与包括衣着、跪坐习惯等在内的日本古代生活形态也息息相关。

The word"kubi"in Japanese idioms is rich in semantic and symbolic meanings.However,there are few researches on it in the academic circles so far.In order to clarify these semantics and their relationships with symbolic meaning,this paper analyzes the meanings and the changes of meanings of the word"kubi"with the method of textual research and classification and induction,distinguishes the meanings of the idiom containing"kubi",and summarizes the symbolic meaning of the word"kubi"according to their extended meanings.On this basis,it finds out that the meanings of the Japanese idiom"kubi"is not only influenced by Chinese,but also possesses distinct characteristics of Japanese language and culture.This symbolic meaning is not only influenced by the ancient Japanese cultural background,but also closely related to the ancient Japanese life form,including clothing,kneeling habits and so on.