汉日同形反义复合词的构成与词汇特征

The Composition and Lexical Features of the Antonymous Compounds in Chinese-Japanese Homographs

反义复合在汉日两种语言中均是比较发达的构词方式。本文对236对汉日同形的反义复合词进行了考察,从词语的内部构成来看,主要为名词性语素的复合、动词性语素的复合以及形容词性语素的复合,语素的概念复合主要涉及空间、时间、性质程度及关系等四种语义类型。汉日同形的反义复合词在词形、词义、词性方面存在着诸多差异。反义概念的耦合,本质上是为了实现周遍性指称。本文的结果对同形词以及语言类型学的研究有一定的积极意义。

An antonymous compound is a relatively developed way of word formation in both Chinese and Japanese languages.This paper focuses on 236 antonymous compounds in Chinese-Japanese homographs.From the perspective of the internal composition of words,the composition of antonymous compounds includes compounds of nominal morphemes,verbal morphemes and adjectival morphemes.The conceptual composition of morphemes mainly involves four semantic types:space,time,degree of nature and relation.There are many differences between the antonymous compounds in Chinese-Japanese homographs in morphology,meaning and part of speech.Essentially,the coupling of antonyms is to achieve universal reference.This paper is a significant step in the study of both homographs and linguistic typology.