毛利虚白《故事俚谚绘钞》研究--以典故“西施捧心”为例

A Study on Mōri Kyohaku’s Kojirigenkaishō:Taking the Allusion of"Xishipengxin"as an Example

毛利虚白《故事俚谚绘钞》可谓第一部用日语全译、全解《蒙求》之作。其以徐子光补注为基础,参考中日典籍为补充。典故在更加完整、平易的同时,却变得不同于中国一般的流传与理解。以"西施捧心"为例,东施亦变为美人,效颦者也仅非一人。典出《庄子·天运篇》,比喻时移世易的"西施捧心"被解作对古代圣贤言行进行表面性的模仿,实则不懂古人道德之本的人的讽喻,如此见解与参考《蒙求详说》《诗人玉屑》《蒙求和歌》及古注本《蒙求》和《庄子鬳斋口义》等中日典籍不无关联,而这些问题日后又对《蒙求图会》《昔日唐土物语》等作品产生了影响。虽致典故异于原貌,但仍可见毛利虚白向非知识阶层普及汉籍的苦心和努力。

Kojirigenkaishō,written by Mōri Kyohaku,should be called the first Japanese full translation and analysis of Mengqiu.Mōri consulted the analysis of Xu Ziguang,as well as other Chinese and Japanese books,in order to describe the allusions into details that were easy to understand.But at the same time,he changed several of the contents from the original ones.Taking"Xishipengxin"as an example,we can identify these differences:Dongshi was also a beauty;more than one woman imitated Xishi;the allusion"Xishipengxin"from Zhuangzi,compared to the changes in the time,was analyzed as an allegory which implies people do what the sages do without understanding the sages’moralities.These were caused by the influence of Mōgyūshōsetsu,Shirenyuxie,Mōgyūwaka,the old analysis of Mengqiu,Zhuangziyanzhaikouyi,etc.In addition,these also left an impact on works such as Mōgyūzukai and Sekijitsumorokoshimono-gatari.Although the allusion was changed,it can be seen that Mōri made great efforts to popularize Chinese classics among the common Edo people.