戊型肝炎病毒与输血安全的研究进展

Research advances in hepatitis E virus and transfusion safety

戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)是导致发生急性肝炎最多的病毒。尽管病毒的主要传播途径仍然是通过粪-口传播,但经输血途径感染HEV的报道已在很多国家引起越来越多的关注。献血人群中可能存在的HEV无症状感染者,对血液的安全形成了潜在的威胁。因此在日本(北海道地区)、英国和一些欧洲国家等已经或即将开始对部分或者全部无偿献血者血液样本进行HEV筛查。本文综述了HEV经输血传播的病例报告,以及HEV的献血者筛查在不同国家和地区开展的状况,包括其检测策略和结果。同时结合我国目前的数据,建议在我国不同地区开展多中心、大样本量的HEV筛查研究的必要性,为HEV是否需要纳入常规血液筛查提供数据支持。

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)causes mostly acute hepatitis worldwide.It is principally transmitted via the fecal-oral route;however,the risk of HEV infection via blood transfusion has raised increasing concern in many countries since several transfusion-transmitted cases were reported.The asymptomatic infection in blood donor became a potential threat to blood safety.Therefore in Japan,United Kingdom,and several European countries the HEV donor screening has,or going to be implemented by selective or universal policy.This article reviews the current published HEV TTI cases,and the corresponded donor screening strategy and result implemented in different countries.Based on the currently available results from China,it is necessary to carry out a multi-center and large scale HEV donor screening study in different regions of China.That can provide data to support whether the HEV needs to be included in routine blood screening.