论比例原则对立法权的约束及其界限

On the Restriction and Limitation of the Principle of Proportionality to the Legislative Power

比例原则作为一项宪法原则约束立法权具有正当性。然而在适用比例原则审查法律的合宪性时,应对立法者的形成空间给予必要的尊重。具体而言,应依据性质的不同将审查内容分为事实认定、预测决定和价值评判三类,并结合结构余地将立法者的形成空间分为四个等级。仅在以此"四级审查模式"为基础对比例原则四项子原则的适用标准和强度进行重构之后,才可以避免法政策学进入法教义学的堡垒。德国司法判决发展出来的审查密度理论并未考虑审查内容在性质上的区别,不应适用于我国宪法中的比例原则。

As a constitutional principle,the principle of proportionality restricts legislative power with legitimacy.However,when applying the principle of proportionality to review the constitutionality of the law,the necessary respect should be given to the formation space of the legislator.Specifically,the content to review should be divided into three categories:facts finding,forecasting decision,and value judgment based on the nature of the content,and the formation space of the legislator is divided into four levels according to the structural discretion.Only after reconstructing the application standards and application strengths of the four sub-principles of the principle of proportionality based on this'four-level review model'can we avoid the legal policy studies into the bastion of legal doctrine.The Density of Canvass theory developed from the German judicial judgment does not consider the difference in the nature of the content to review,and should not be applied to the principle of proportionality in China's constitution.