要素市场化配置的共性问题与改革总体思路

The Common Problems and Overall Solutions of the Reform of Market-Based Allocation of Factors of Production

建设统一开放、竞争有序的市场体系的根本途径是深化要素市场化配置改革和健全价格机制,使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用。在系统性回顾我国土地、劳动力、资本和技术等要素市场化配置改革历程的基础上,指出了各要素市场中存在的要素资源错配、配置效率较低和供需结构不匹配等共性问题。各界已经形成关于进一步深化要素市场化配置改革必要性的共识,有助于遏止潜在增速过快下滑的局面,改善经济结构,推动经济高质量发展。完善要素市场化配置改革的总体思路是:集中力量解决各个要素市场存在的共性问题;按照各个要素市场化配置改革的难易程度有序推进改革;积极推进要素市场主体培育和配置方式创新。

The fundamental way to build a unified,open,and orderly market system is to deepen the reform of market-based allocation of factors of production and improve the price mechanism,so that the market can play a decisive role in the allocation of resources.Based on a systematic review of China’s reform of market-based allocation of land,labor,capital,and technology,this paper proposes the common problems of each factor market such as resource misallocation,low allocation efficiency and mismatch of supply and demand structure.The necessity of further deepening the reform of market-based allocation of factors of production has reached a consensus.It can help to prevent the decline of potential economic growth,improve the economic structure and promote high-quality economic development.Therefore,the overall solutions of perfecting the reform of market-based allocation of factors of production can be divided into three aspects.Firstly,concentrating on solving the common problems in each factor market.Secondly,promoting the reform in an orderly manner according to the difficulty of the reform of market-based allocation of factors of production.Thirdly,promoting the cultivation of factor market subjects and innovation of allocation ways actively.