我国农村要素市场化配置改革历程、基本经验与深化路径

The Course,Basic Experience and Deepening Path of Rural Factor Marketization Reform in China

改革开放40多年来,我国农村要素市场化配置改革经历了赋予农民土地和劳动力自主配置权利、放宽要素流动限制与盘活闲置资源资产三个阶段,农村要素市场化配置水平明显提升,既促进了农业农村发展,又推进了我国工业化和城镇化进程,为构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制积累了宝贵经验。针对当前我国农村要素市场化配置中存在的资源资产盘活不够、要素跨城乡和跨区域流动不畅、农村产权保护力度不足等问题,建议持续做好资源要素盘活、流动与保护等工作,为建设高标准市场体系、推动经济社会高质量发展奠定坚实制度基础。

For more than 40 years of reform and opening-up,China’s rural factor marketization reform has experienced three stages.In the first stage,farmers were granted the right of allocating land and labor independently.In the second stage,the flow restrictions of factors were relaxed.In the third stage,the idle resource assets are activated.As rural factor marketization allocation has been significantly improved,not only the agricultural and rural areas has been developed,but also the process of industrialization and urbanization has been promoted,accumulating valuable experience for the construction of a more complete marketization allocation system and mechanism.In current,marketization allocation of rural factors exist several problems including insufficient resource and asset activation,poor flow of factors across urban and rural areas,and weak protection of rural property rights.Therefore,we should force on three important things including activation,flow,and protection of resource and factors,establishing a solid institutional foundation for the construction of a high standard market system and the promotion of high-quality economic and social development.