盐城滨海湿地景观时空动态变化的区域差异

Regional differences in Spatial and Temporal Changes of Landscape in Yancheng Coastal Wetland

以盐城滨海湿地为研究区,根据1997年、2007年和2014年3个时相的遥感影像,运用RS、GIS技术和景观生态学方法,比较不同岸段景观时空动态变化的差异。结果表明:(1)1997~2014年,盐城滨海湿地景观结构变化呈现出非湿地与人工湿地在增加,盐沼在减少的特征。盐沼的面积比重,淤蚀转换岸段>淤长岸段>侵蚀岸段。景观多样性指数和均匀度指数,淤蚀转换岸段>淤长岸段>侵蚀岸段;景观聚集度指数,淤长岸段>侵蚀岸段>淤蚀转换岸段。(2)滨海湿地景观转移表现为盐沼转变为耕地、养殖池和建设用地;盐沼转出的速率,淤长岸段>淤蚀转换岸段>侵蚀岸段;盐沼转出的比例,淤长岸段>侵蚀岸段>淤蚀转换岸段。(3)盐城滨海湿地景观转变强度都为负值,说明研究区生态等级在下降;总体景观转变强度,淤长岸段>淤蚀转换岸段>侵蚀岸段。(4)自然条件与人类活动在时空上的组合差异是盐城滨海湿地景观时空动态区域差异的主要原因。

Taking the Yancheng coastal wetland as research area,the spatial and temporal changes of landscape in different regions were compared by using RS,GIS and landscape ecology methods based on remote sensing images in 1997,2007 and 2014.The results showed that the landscape structure of the Yancheng coastal wetland showed increasing in non-wetland and artificial wetland and decreasing in salt marsh from 1997 to 2014.The area proportion of salt marsh was the transition region>the sedimentation region>the erosion region.The landscape diversity index and evenness index were the transition region>the sedimentation region>the erosion region.The landscape aggregation index was the sedimentation region>the erosion region>the transition region.The landscape transfer of coastal wetland was characterized by the transformation of salt marsh into cultivated land,breeding pond and construction land.The rate of salt marsh transferring was as follows:the sedimentation region>the transition region>the erosion region.The proportion of salt marshes transferred out was the sedimentation region>the erosion region>the transition region.The landscape transformation intensity in the Yancheng coastal wetland was negative,indicating that the ecological level of the study area is declining.On the whole,the landscape transformation intensity was as follows:the sedimentation region>the transition region>the erosion region.The combination differences in natural conditions and human activities in times and spaces are the main reason for the regional difference in spatial and temporal changes of landscape in the Yancheng coastal wetland.