人工全肘关节置换在骨肿瘤中的临床效果

Evaluation of total elbow arthroplasty for bone tumor around the elbow

目的探讨人工全肘关节置换术重建肘关节周围肿瘤切除后骨缺损的肿瘤学和功能学效果。方法回顾性分析1988年6月至2019年6月在北京积水潭医院接受肿瘤切除后采用全肘关节置换术重建的26例肘关节周围骨肿瘤患者临床资料,根据纳入排除标准最终纳入23例,其中男14例,女9例,平均年龄(37.6±19.9)岁,中位年龄35.0岁(范围:11~81岁)。23例中骨巨细胞瘤3例,转移癌4例,尤文肉瘤4例,骨肉瘤2例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿2例,上皮样血管内皮细胞瘤1例,原发恶性骨巨细胞瘤1例,低级别中心性骨肉瘤1例,骨旁骨肉瘤1例,滑膜肉瘤1例,浆细胞骨髓瘤1例,腱鞘巨细胞瘤1例,混合瘤1例;良性肿瘤6例,低级别恶性肿瘤4例,高级别恶性肿瘤13例。肿瘤发生部位:肱骨远端19例,尺骨近端3例,肘关节1例。所有患者均采取整块切除方法,切除后骨缺损,根据软组织条件分别采用限制型肿瘤假体和半限制型Coonrad-Morrey假体进行重建。记录并分析手术时间、出血量、纳入流行病学数据、重建长度、复发及转移的肿瘤学指标、手术相关并发症、疼痛量表、肘关节功能评分等指标。结果本组截骨后重建骨缺损长度为(12.5±3.9)cm,手术时间(154.1±50.1)min,出血量(262.2±100.9)ml;13例采用定制肿瘤限制型假体,10例采用Coonrad-Morrey半限制型假体,平均随访(50.8±41.4)个月。23例总体五年生存率为64.3%,良性肿瘤、低级别恶性和高级别恶性肿瘤5年生存率分别为100%,100%和39.7%;3例肺癌、3例尤文肉瘤于随访期内死亡(6/23,26.1%),1例骨巨细胞瘤和1例滑膜肉瘤局部复发(2/23,8.7%)。根据MEPS评分标准,23例患者的优良率为82.6%(19/23),肘关节中位活动范围由术前35°提高至术后85°(t=-13.787,P<0.05),NRS评分术前中位5.0分降至0.5分(t=14.391,P<0.001)。9例出现术后并发症(9/23,39.1%),近期并发症为神经损伤4例,局部感染1例,远期并发症为假体松动和失效4例,假体5年生存率为82.0%。MSTS 93评分指数平均和中位数分别为84.5%±11.0%和88.3%。结论肘关节周围肿瘤经广泛切除肿瘤局部控制良好;全肘关节置换术可以明显缓解疼痛,显著改善功能,限制型和半限制型假体并发症发生率无差异。

Objective To investigate the oncological efficacy and functional evaluation of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) for the reconstruction of tumor around elbow joint.Methods A retrospective case series study was made on the clinical data of 26 patients who underwent total elbow joint replacement after tumor resection in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from June 1988 to June 2019. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 patients were enrolled in the final study, there were 14 males and 9 females, the mean and median age was 37.6±19.9 and 35.0 years respectively. 23 patients included 3 cases of giant cell tumor, 4 cases of metastatic cancer, 4 cases of Ewing's sarcoma, 2 cases of osteosarcoma, 2 cases of aneurysmal bone cyst, 1 angiosarcoma, 1 primary malignacy in giant cell tumor, 1 low-grade central osteosarcoma, 1 parosteosarcoma, 1 synovial sarcoma, 1 plasma cell myeloma, 1 tendon sheath giant cell tumor and 1 case of mixed tumor. There were 6 cases of benign tumor, 4 cases of low grade sarcoma and 13 cases of high grade malignancy. With 19 cases of distal humerus, 3 cases of proximal ulna and 1 case of elbow. Each patient underwent tumor resection followed by restrictive tumor prosthesis and semi-restrictive of coonrad-morrey prosthesis were used for reconstruction.The duration of the operation, the amount of blood loss, epidemiological data, reconstruction length, oncology parameter, complications and functional evaluation were enrolled and statistical analyzed.Results The mean length of the osteotomy followed by reconstruction was 12.5±3.9 cm, the mean operative time was 154.1±50.1 minutes, and the mean bleeding was 262.2±100.9 ml. Thirteen patients were treated with customized tumor limited prosthesis while 10 patients with Coonrad-Morrey semi-limited prosthesis. The 5-year survival rates of 23 patients was 64.3%, benign tumors, low-grade and high-grade malignancies were 100%, 100% and 39.7%, respectively. Three cases of lung cancer and three cases of Ewing's sarcoma died during the follow-up period (6/23, 26.1%), one case of giant cell tumor and one case of synovial sarcoma developed local recurrence (2/23, 8.7%). The median range of motion for the elbow increased from 35 to 85 degrees (t=-13.787, P<0.05), the median NRS score decreased from 5.0 to 0.5 (t=14.391, P<0.05). Postoperative complications occurred in 9 cases (9/23, 39.1%), the recent complications were nerve injury in 4 cases and infection in 1 case, late complications were prosthesis loosening and failure in 4 cases, the 5 year survival rate of prosthesis was 82.0%. The mean and median MSTS 93 score was 84.5%±11.0% and 88.3% respectively.Conclusion The local control around the elbow is satisfactory after tumor resection. Total elbow arthroplasty can relieve pain and significantly improve function.