北京市幼儿家长新型冠状病毒知识及幼儿防护行为调查

Knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019 among parents of kindergarten children and prevention and control practices of the children in Beijing city

目的了解北京市幼儿家长新型冠状病毒(以下简称"新冠病毒")防控知识知晓及幼儿防护情况,为今后针对幼儿家庭开展突发传染病防控宣传提供线索和依据。方法于2020年2月25—29日,利用自行设计调查问卷,通过问卷星软件对北京市16区48所幼儿园的11 636名幼儿家长开展线上调查。结果除"正常居家环境应以清洁卫生为主"知晓率较低(15.89%)外,幼儿家长对于新冠防控基本知识的知晓率均在96.38%~99.81%之间;幼儿家长技能型知识知晓率在36.98%~89.58%之间;知晓返京人员隔离观察14 d政策的比例为81.80%。幼儿家长获取新冠防控信息3个最主要的渠道是官方媒介、幼儿班级群和电视。过去1个月,45.52%的幼儿曾经外出,外出佩戴儿童口罩、成人口罩的比例分别为90.05%和8.75%;98.32%的幼儿过去1个月洗手频率增加;42.52%的幼儿会主动洗手。幼儿使用个人专用水杯、餐具、牙刷和毛巾的比例分别为98.74%、87.31%、99.72%、98.14%。随着年级升高,过去1个月有外出行为(χ2=7.36,P=0.03)、能主动洗手(χ2=108.22,P <0.01)的比例增加,佩戴儿童口罩(χ2=30.53,P <0.01)、使用专有水杯(χ2=8.48,P=0.01)、餐具(χ2=167.76,P <0.01)比例降低。结论北京市幼儿家长对于新冠病毒防控的基本知识知晓率普遍较高,但对于技能型知识认识不足。不同年龄幼儿采取防护措施的特点不同,在今后的健康教育与防控宣传中应予以关注。

Objective To examine the awareness of knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) among parents of kindergarten children and disease prevention behaviors of the children in Beijing city and to provide evidences for developing interventions on coping with infectious disease emergency in family settings. Methods Using convenient sampling, we carried out an online survey among 11 731 parents of children in 48 kindergartens in 16 districts across Beijing city with a self-designed questionnaire during February 25 – 29, 2020. Results Valid information were collected from11 636(99.19%) of the participants. Among the respondents, the rates of awareness on items of basic knowledge about COVID-19 prevention and control ranged from 96.38% to 99.81%, except for a low knowledge rate(15.89%) for disinfection should not be over conducted in normal home environment;but the rates of awareness on items of basic disease prevention skills ranged from 36.98% to 89.58%. Of the respondents, 81.80% reported the awareness on a quarantine required for someone returning to Beijing from other regions of China or countries. The top three routes for acquiring information on COVID-19 prevention and control were official media, their children′s class WeChat group, and television programs. The disease prevention-related behaviors of the children during previous one month included: going outside(reported by 45.52%of the respondents), wearing a face mask for children(90.05%) or for adults(8.75%) when going out, washing hands more frequently(98.32%), and washing hands voluntarily(42.52%). The proportions of children having their own water cup,dinner set, toothbrush, and washcloth were 98.74%, 87.31%, 99.72%, and 98.14%, respectively. The children′ s age was positively correlated with frequency of going outside during previous one month(χ2 = 7.36, P = 0.03) and voluntary hand washing(χ2 = 108.22, P < 0.01) but reversely with wearing face mask of children(χ2 = 30.53,P < 0.01), having their own water cup(χ2 = 8.48, P = 0.01) or dinner set(χ2 = 167.76, P < 0.01). Conclusion The rate of awareness on basic knowledge about of COVID-19 prevention and control is generally high but the disease prevention skills is insufficient among parents kindergarten children in Beijing city. The results need to be concerned in developing relevant intervention programs.