发展中国家的分类争议及特殊与差别待遇的适用

On the Classification of the Developing Countries and its Relevance to the Special and Differential Treatment

相较于其他国际组织划分国家类型的目的主要为了统计和研究,WTO关于发展中国家的分类具有协定适用上的实际意义——被归类为发展中成员,可以适用特殊与差别待遇。在多哈回合之后,特殊与差别待遇条款成为发达国家与发展中国家分歧的焦点,这一分歧对"成员驱动"的WTO体系提出挑战。文章提出,考虑到推动WTO谈判进程须打破僵局,有关发展中国家身份的认定以及SDT条款的具体模式、适用范围等这两方面的问题,将两者有所区分来谈,可能是更为务实的选择。

Compared to the ways of the country classification employed by other international organizations,the model of self-declared as the developing members under WTO frameworks gets substantive implication combined with the Special and Differential Treatment(SDT).After 40 years since the adoption of SDT in GATT,there are more and more controversies over the model of self-declaration and the scope of SDT,advancing a serious challenge to the member-driven multilateral system like WTO.It would be more practical to separately deal with the two issues of the position of the developing countries and the SDT which are closely connected under WTO,considering breaking the deadlock between the conflicting parties will finally benefit the multilateral trade system.