2009—2018年青海省流行性感冒病毒变迁规律

The changes of influenza virus in Qinghai Province from 2009 to 2018

目的分析2009年14周―2019年13周青海省流行性感冒(简称流感)病毒变迁规律,为高原地区科学防控流感提供依据。方法从中国流感监测信息系统中,导出流感样病例数据、病例样本核酸检测阳性数据及病毒分离数据。使用描述流行病学方法,分析2009年14周―2019年13周流感病毒在高原地区青海省的变化特征。结果青海省2009、2011、2014和2015年均以H1N1 (pdm09)为主,2010和2012年以H3N2为主,2013年以B型为主,2016年和2017年以H3N2、B型和H1N1 (pdm09)为主,2018年以H1N1 (pdm09)、H3N2和B型为主。青海省西北部地区(海西和海北)检测到的流感病毒以H3N2、H1N1 (pdm09)和BV这3种为主,其他地区则以H3N2、H1N1 (pdm09)、BY和BV这4种病毒为主。其中春季流感病毒阳性检出率为8.73%,乙型居多;夏季为1.35%,秋季为15.33%,均以H1N1 (pdm09)居多;冬季为23.17%,H3N2和H1N1 (pdm09)居多。结论青海省西北区域流感病毒型别和活跃程度与青海省其他地区不同;冬、春季流感病毒型别和活跃程度更为丰富,可在此前做好流感预警预测等防控措施;14岁以下人群更易感染乙型病毒,可针对重点人群和重点地区接种流感疫苗,并做好学校流感疫情的监测与防控。

Objective Toexplore the transitional patterns of influenza virus in Qinghai province between 14 weeks of 2009 and 13 weeks of 2018 for the scientific prevention and control of influenza in the plateau region. Methods The samples and virus isolation data with influenza-like cases and positive nucleic acid test of case were derived from the Chinese influenza surveillance information system. The characteristics of influenza viruses in Qinghai province between 2009 and 2018 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results HNN1(pdm09) was dominated influenza of seasonof 2009, 2011, 2014 and 2015 in Plateau area of Qinghai province. H3 N2 was dominated in influenza of seasonof 2010 and 2012. The major is olate in 2013 was type B. H3 N2, type B and HNN1(pdm09) had account for a large proportion in 2016 and 2017, and in 2018, the HNN1(pdm09), H3 N2 and B type were dominant. H3 N2, H1 N1 influenza virus(pdm09) and BVwere mainly prevalent in the northwest region of Qinghai province(hercynian and distance from the north sea).Main types in other areas were H3 N2, H1 N1(pdm09), BY and BV4 viruses. Among which the positive detection rate of influenza virus was 8.73% in spring and 1.35% in summer and autumn. Conclusions The types and activity of influenza virus in northwest Qinghai province are different from other parts of Qinghai province. Under 14 years old are more likely to be infected with the b virus.There fore, they can be vaccinated against influenza in key groups and key areas, and the influenza epidemic in schools should be monitored and prevented.