2018年柳州市不同经济水平地区居民健康素养现状及影响因素

Analysis on the status and influence of resident health literacy in districts with different economic level in Liuzhou, 2018

目的分析2018年柳州市三个县区居民健康素养具备率、三个维度和六大健康问题具备率及其影响因素,为制定健康教育干预措施和策略提供依据。方法基于2018年柳州市各个县区人均地区生产总值抽取三个县区,再采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取1 370名15~69岁常住居民进行问卷调查。结果柳州市经济好、中、差地区的健康素养具备率分别为25.21%、10.49%、4.44%,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=90.767,P<0.001);三个维度具备率中基本知识和理念最高,健康生活方式与行为最低;六大健康问题具备率中安全与急救具备率最高,基本医疗具备率最低。Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,在经济好的地区,年龄、文化程度和职业是影响健康素养的因素,中等地区的影响因素是文化程度和职业,差的地区则是文化程度和民族。结论柳州市不同经济梯度地区之间居民健康素养水平存在较大的差距,需关注边远、贫困、少数民族地区,优先加大力度对最薄弱的知识板块宣传,同时注重使居民接受到的知识转化为健康的行为。

Objective To provide evidence for formulating interventions and policies on health education through analyzing health literacy rate and awareness rate of three dimensions and six key health issues among three counties(districts) of Liuzhou in 2018. Method Three counties were selected on the basic of Liuzhou county GDP per capita. Multistage stratified random sampling was used to select 1 370 residents aged between 15 and 69 years old. A questionnaine survey was conducted. Results Health literacy rates were 25.21%, 10.49% and 4.44% in the areas with good economic conditions, medium and poor economic conditions respectively(χ~2=90.767,P<0.001). Among the three literacy dimensions, basic knowledge and concept were turned out to be the most well-known infor-mation, while respondents seemed to be less aware of healthy lifestyle. The six-key-health-issue literacy displayed its tipping point at safety and first aid, and its bottom at medical care. The results of logistic regression nalysis showed that age, education and occupation were identified as the influencing factors of resident health literacy in the areas with good economy, and the factors in the middle areas were education and occupation. The factors in the poor areas were education level and nationality. Conclusions There was a gap in the health literacy level of residents among different economic gradients in Liuzhou. Attention should be laid on remote, poverty-stricken and minority areas, and priority should be given to the edu-cation and promotion of the less-known in different regions. Additionally, initiatives should focus on transforming the knowledge received by residents into actual health behaviors.