为平等而辩——马克思主义平等观念面临的挑战及其回应

Arguing for Equality--Challenges and responses of Marxist concept of equality

平等在现代社会具有优先和基础地位,然而,马克思主义的平等观念却并非自明。一方面,面对自由主义者关于平等有损自由的外部挑战,马克思主义需要揭示其论证缺陷,进而说明平等与自由的兼容性;另一方面,面对经典文本中存在的"反对平等"论述的内部挑战,马克思主义需要辨析其论证深意,表明马克思并非不平等主义者。马克思主义的平等观念不仅通过按劳分配与按需分配等分配原则而有所体现,而且必须落脚于生产资料的平等占有这个层面来理解。

Equality has priority and basic status in modern society.However,Marxist concept of equality is not self-evident.On the one hand,confronting with liberalists'external challenge that equality impairs freedom,Marxism needs to reveal its argument defects and then explain the compatibility between equality and freedom;on the other hand,facing the internal challenge of"opposing equality"in the classic text,Marxism needs to analyze its argumentation meaning,which shows that Marx is indeed an egalitarian.The Marxist concept of equality is not only reflected by the distributed-by-work and-by-need principles,but also understood by the equal possession of production goods.