刑事缺席审判制度的比较考察——以英国和美国为例

A Comparative Study of Criminal Trial by Default--Take the United Kingdom and the Unieed States

缺席审判制度是对程序参与原则的补充,是社会控制功能的实现,是诉讼价值平衡的选择。英美两国的立法对缺席审判的案件适用范围、适用条件、权利保障、涉案财物处理都进行了规定。我国2018年修订的刑事诉讼法确立的缺席审判制度,对于境外追逃追赃将产生积极的作用。借鉴域外有益经验,在未来的司法适用时,应当进一步完善送达方式,以保障被告人的知情权;重视辩护律师在缺席审判中的作用,以保障程序的公正;积极发挥违法所得没收程序和缺席审判程序的合力,促进追逃追赃的有效开展。

The trial by default system is a supplement to the principle of procedural participation,an actualization of social control function and a choice of the balance of litigation value.In the legislative practice of Britain and the United States,issues like the scope of application,the applicable conditions,the protection of rights,and the handling of property involved in trials in absentia are stipulated.The system of trial in absentia established by China’s revised criminal procedure law in 2018 will play a positive role in the pursuit of stolen goods abroad.Learning from useful experiences abroad,we should further improve the method of service of summons in future judicial applications to protect the defendant’s right to know.We should also pay attention to the active participation of defense lawyers to ensure the fairness of the procedure.We are also expected to actively exert the joint efforts of the confiscation procedure of illegal gains and the trial procedure in absentia to promote the effective implementation of the recovery of stolen goods.