1978—2018年我国田径径赛项目发展特征及对策研究

Research on the Developmental Characteristics and Countermeasures of Track Events in China from 1978 to 2018

为了探寻和总结我国田径径赛项目的发展情况,以1978—2018年的14个径赛项目为研究对象,通过构建径赛项目发展指数模型,比较了近40年来我国径赛项目与国际水平的差距及动态发展过程。研究结果显示:1)我国径赛项目总体女子略优于男子,但表现出一定的项目特点(男子短距离项目发展略优于女子,而中、长距离项目发展女子明显优于男子);2)在20 km竞走项目上具有国际竞争力,近20年来男子110 m栏项目取得了非常出色的成绩;3)团队项目总体发展水平不高,但2008—2018年男子4×100 m接力和1999—2008年女子4×100 m接力项目发展较好;4)男子800 m、1500 m、5000 m和3000 m障碍项目发展缓慢,而女子在200 m、400 m和800 m项目上发展相对较为缓慢;5)我国许多径赛项目在1999—2008年发展最快,这可能与2008年北京奥运会有较大关系。建议重点突破男子短距离项目,重塑与保持男子和女子20 km竞走项目的优势。

To explore and summarize the developmental characteristics of track events in China,this paper took 14 track events from 1978 to 2018 as samples,and constructed a model of development index of track event to compare Chinese track events with the international level and the dynamic development process during the last four decades.The results showed that:1)Chinese women’s track events were slightly better than men’s,but they showed certain characteristics(the development of men’s short-distance events were slightly better than that of women’s,and the development of women’s middle-and long-distance events were better than that of men’s);2)in the last 20 years,China’s 20 km race walking had reached the international level,and the men’s 110 m hurdle had achieved very good results;3)the overall development level of the team events was not good,but the men’s 4×100 m relay during 2008-2018 and women’s 4×100 m relay in 1999-2008 developed well;4)men’s 800 m,1500 m,5000 m and 3000 m obstacle events developed slowly,while the developments of women’s 200 m,400 m and 800 m events were relatively slow in China;5)many track events in China had fastest growth in the period of 1999-2008,which might have a great relation with the 2008 Beijing Olympics.It is suggested to take the men’s short distance events as a breakthrough,and to reshape and maintain the advantages of men’s and women’s 20 km race walking events.