第32届夏季奥运会延期后体能训练备战对策的考虑因素

Considerations for Strength and Conditioning Training Strategies Due to the Postponement of the 32^th Summer Olympic Games

受COVID-19新冠肺炎疫情影响,第32届夏季奥运会被迫延期1年,这对世界范围内运动员的奥运备战都带来了前所未有的冲击。体能训练是国家体育总局在东京奥运备战工作中的重要抓手和核心战略,面对延期1年带来的影响,挑战和机会并存,体能训练的整体策略应当尽快进行调整。研究从中国国家队在奥运延期后面临的实际问题出发,从与体能训练相关的周期安排、训练内容、损伤风险和保障机制4个方面做出具体分析,并提出初步应对策略和安排建议。建议:1)安排“奥运模拟赛”完成备战周期过渡,让体能训练周期节奏把控与专项训练相拟合;2)加入功能性测试和纠正性练习等板块内容,加强基础体能的针对性训练,保障运动员的健康水平和能力厚度,同时注重基础体能向专项体能、专项体能向专项运动表现的转化和实现;3)建立起针对损伤防治的体能-康复联动反馈机制,制定日常体能训练中的伤病预防策略;4)建立起稳态保持和动态调整的保障机制,注重核心工作人员和硬件条件保障的稳定性和持续性。

The unprecedented global outbreak of COVID-19 and the corresponding postponement of the 32th Summer Olympic Games postponed for one year has had a significant impact on athletes’training preparations for the competition.Specifically,strength and conditioning training has been identified as a key component of this preparation by the General Administration of Sport of China,the postponement of 1 year brings both challenges and opportunities,and the general strategy of the strength and conditioning training should be adjusted as soon as possible.Starting from the practical problems faced by the Chinese national teams after the postponement of the Olympic Games,this study analyzes four specific aspects of strength and conditioning training strategy:Overall planning and periodization,individual athlete training plans,injury risk assessment and intervention,and the athlete support system,and it also proposes preliminary countermeasures and suggestions as follows:1)arrange“Olympic simulated game”to complete the transition of preparation cycle,let the strength and conditioning training periodization rhythm match with the specific training;2)add functional test and corrective exercise to training sessions,strengthen the individuated training of fundamental physical fitness,ensure the health level and ability depth of the athletes,and lay emphasis on the transformation and realization of fundamental physical fitness to specific physical fitness,also from specific physical fitness to athletic sports performance;3)establish a linkage mechanism between strength and conditioning training and rehabilitation for injury prevention and control,and formulate injury prevention strategies in daily physical training;4)set up a steady state maintain and dynamic adjustment mechanism of the athlete support system,focusing on the stability and sustainability of core workforce and hardware support.