新冠病毒肺炎疫情下第32届夏季奥运会相关主体利益冲突及其解决——基于国际公共卫生理论视角

Conflicts of Interest among Major Parties of the 32^th Summer Olympic Games and Its Solution against Background of COVID-19 Outbreak--From the Perspective of International Public Health Theory

在新冠病毒肺炎疫情下,基于各方主体利益考量,国际奥委会宣布第32届夏季奥林匹克运动会延期举办。其中特别关系到基于奥林匹克运动体系产生的直接主体、基于法律行为产生的间接主体和在国际关注的突发公共卫生事件下的特殊主体的利益。由此存在奥林匹克运动整体利益与国际公共卫生安全之间的冲突、合同履约受阻带来的冲突、运动员参赛权与运动员生命健康权之间的冲突,以及公平比赛的理想与非对等比赛的实际之间的冲突。基于国际公共卫生相关理论,提出国际奥委会的妥适决策路径应在国际公共卫生安全和运动员生命健康权的优先考量基础上,补充适用全球卫生正义理念以保障参赛机会平等和比赛结果平等,最后辅以比例原则以减损及缓和相关主体利益受损程度。

Against the background of the outbreak of COVID-19,the adjustment International Olympic Committee(IOC)making about the 32th Summer Olympic Games will be a result which have taken the interests of all relevant parties into consideration.The parties here especially refer to the direct parties born out of the system of the Olympic Movement,the indirect parties out of juristic act and special parties out of public health emergencies of international concern.Three conflicts can be detected among and inside these three types of parties,i.e.the conflict between the general interest of Olympic Games and international public health security;the conflict caused by impediments to performance of contracts;the conflict between the right of participation of athletes and their right to health;the ideal of a fair competition and the reality of an unfair one.Based on relevant theories of global public health,this paper argues that any decisions of IOC should first and foremost take global public health and athletes’right to health as its biggest concern;then adopt the concept of global health justice to ensure equal opportunity of participation and fairness of competition result;and finally use the principle of proportionality to reduce and mitigate the damage of the interest of relevant parties.