不同药剂对麦蚜天敌昆虫烟蚜茧蜂的影响

Effects of Different Chemicals on Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead,the Natural Enemy of Wheat Aphid

为明确生产上常用化学药剂对麦蚜天敌昆虫烟蚜茧蜂的影响以及烟蚜茧蜂的适宜释放时期,测试了45%戊唑醇·咪鲜胺、30%多酮、430 g/L戊唑醇3种杀菌剂和25%吡蚜酮、7.5%氯氟·吡虫啉、20%联苯·三唑磷3种杀虫剂共6种药剂对烟蚜茧蜂的毒性作用。结果表明,3种杀虫剂和3种杀菌剂在施药初期均对烟蚜茧蜂有影响,且杀虫剂对烟蚜茧蜂的毒性强于杀菌剂。6种药剂对烟蚜茧蜂成蜂的触杀作用强于胃毒作用。3种杀虫剂中,7.5%氯氟·吡虫啉的毒性最高;3种杀菌剂中,430 g/L戊唑醇的毒性最高。大田测试结果显示,供试杀虫剂中25%吡蚜酮对烟蚜茧蜂的影响最大,供试杀菌剂中45%戊唑醇·咪鲜胺对烟蚜茧蜂的影响最大。利用烟蚜茧蜂防治麦蚜至少应在化学防治3 d以后进行,田间需要进行化学防治时,应优先考虑对烟蚜茧蜂影响较小的多酮、联苯·三唑磷等药剂。

In order to determine the effects of common chemicals on Aphidius gifuensis,the natural enemy of wheat aphid and the appropriate release period of Aphidius gifuensis,the toxic effects of 45%Tebuconazole·prochloraz WP,30%Polyketone,430 g/L Tebuconazole,25%Pymetrozine WP,7.5%Chlorofluoroimidacloprid and 20%Biphenyltriazophos on Aphidius gifuensis were tested.The results showed that the pesticides in the test all had effects on Aphidius gifuensis in the early stage of application,and the toxicity of insecticides to Aphidius gifuensis was stronger than that of fungicides.The contact toxicity effect of the 6 pesticides on adult parasitoids was stronger than the stomach toxicity.Among the three insecticides,7.5%Chlorofluoroimidacloprid was the most toxic,and 430 g/L Tebuconazole was the most toxic among the three fungicides.Field test results showed that 25%Pymetrozine WP of the insecticides tested had the greatest effect on Aphidius gifuensis,and 45%Tebuconazole Prochloraz WP of the fungicides tested had the greatest effect on Aphidius gifuensis.The biological control of wheat aphid with Aphidius gifuensis should be carried out at least 3 days after chemical spray.When chemical control was needed in field,Polyketone and Biphenyltriazophos which had little effect on Aphidius gifuensis should be given priority.