沿黄稻区介体灰飞虱有效接种虫量与水稻病毒病发生关系研究

Relationship between Effective Inoculation Quantity of Small Brown Planthopper and Occurrence of Rice Viral Diseases in Rice Growing Areas along the Yellow River

水稻黑条矮缩病(Rice black-streaked dwarf disease,RBSDD)和条纹叶枯病(Rice stripe disease,RSD)是河南沿黄稻区重要的病毒病,均由介体昆虫灰飞虱传毒所致。为明确介体灰飞虱与不同水稻品种病毒病发生之间的关系,于2014—2018年连续5 a在开封市杜良镇调查灰飞虱高峰期虫量和带毒率,并对生产上常用水稻品种的发病情况进行统计和分析。结果表明,2014年、2016年灰飞虱携带水稻黑条矮缩病毒(RBSDV)的有效接种虫量最多(194.84万、171.11万头/hm^2),2017年和2015年次之,2018年最少。2014—2018年水稻黑条矮缩病发生较为普遍,且2014年和2016年发生较严重,其中淮稻5号的发病率分别为50.6%和70.8%,均表现为高感;镇稻88发病率分别为30.6%和29.3%,表现为感病和中感。2015年、2017年RBSDD发病较轻,2018年发病最轻。而水稻条纹叶枯病则一直保持零星发生趋势。水稻黑条矮缩病的发病率除了在不同品种上表现出差异外,同一品种不同年份的发病率也有较大差异。研究结果表明,由介体灰飞虱高峰期虫量和带毒率决定的有效接种虫量是影响水稻病毒病发生的重要因素。

Rice black-streaked dwarf disease(RBSDD)and rice stripe disease(RSD)are two important viral diseases occurring in rice growing areas along the Yellow River,which are both transmitted by small brown planthopper(SBPH).In order to clarify the relationship between SBPH and the incidence of viral diseases on different rice cultivars,this study surveyed quantities and viruliferous rates of SBPH on peak days during 5 years from 2014 to 2018 in Duliang,Kaifeng.And occurrence of RBSDD and RSD in common rice cultivars was counted and analyzed.It was found that effective inoculation quantities of SBPH carrying RBSDV were highest in the years of 2014 and 2016 with 1.9484 million and 1.7111 million per hectare,followed by the years of 2017 and 2015,and the minimum effective inoculation quantity of SBPH was obtained in the year of 2018.During the five years,occurrence of RBSDD was common,and the years of 2014 and 2016 witnessed more serious RBSDD,with disease rates of Huaidao 5 at 50.6%and 70.8%,respectively,which showed high susceptibility,and disease rates of Zhendao 88 at 30.6%and 29.3%,showing susceptibility and moderate susceptibility,respectively.Disease rates of RBSDD were less in the years of 2015 and 2017,and that in the year of 2018 was the lowest.However,occurrence of RSD was sporadic all through the five years.Disease rates of RBSDD varied in different rice cultivars,and those in the same rice cultivar also varied during different years.Results show that effective inoculation quantities of SBPH,which are decided by quantity of SBPH and its viruliferous rates on peak days,have an important effect on the occurrence of rice viral diseases.