山区洪水对下游房屋冲击特性的试验研究

Experimental Research on the Impact Characteristics of Mountain Floods on Downstream Houses

以物理模型试验的方式,研究山区洪水在不同的蓄水深度、房屋距溃口距离对房屋冲击特性的影响。根据试验数据,从迎流面水位变化、动压强变化、压强峰值分布规律、迎流面水位与压强变化关系四个方面进行对比分析。试验结果表明①房屋迎流面各点所受荷载存在峰值形式、变化趋势上的差异;②测点压强随上游来水量的增加而增加;③房屋迎流面中心下侧受水流荷载最大;④中心线水位与房屋下部测点压强变化较为一致。针对房屋迎流面各点压强特性的差异,对迎流面上易受破坏点作压强概化图,该规律可用于指导潜在山洪威胁地区的房屋设计以及相关经验公式的验证。

In this paper,physical model tests are carried out to study the effects of floods on the impact characteristics of buildings under different pre-burst water depth and distance from the building to the break.The comparison and analysis by the data are made from four aspects:the change of water level,the change of dynamic pressure,the law of peak pressure distribution,and the relationship between water level and pressure change.The results show that①There are differences in the form of peak and the trend of variety of loads on the upstream surface of buildings.②The pressure at the measuring point increases with the increase in upstream water inflow.③The load on the lower side of the center of the upstream face of a building is the largest.④The water level of the central line is in agreement with the pressure change at the lower measuring point of the building.In view of the difference of pressure characteristics at different points on the upstream surface of buildings,a general pressure map of vulnerable point on the upstream surface is drawn,which can be used to guide the design of houses in potential areas threatened by mountain torrents and to verify the relevant empirical formulas.