调水工程中淡水壳菜防治方法研究

Research on Control Methods of Limnoperna Fortunei in Water Transfer Project

针对近几年输调水工程中频发的淡水壳菜滋生影响工程运行和水质安全问题,在调查研究淡水壳菜生长特性和危害的基础上,总结了物理、化学和生物三类常规防治方法的优缺点和适用情况,并探索性地介绍了两种工程条件下的防治新方法。结果表明:物理方法操作最简单,但工程实用性较差;化学方法效果最明显,但副产物容易造成水质二次污染;生物方法生态效益最高,但作用时间长。工程条件下的多级分段防控法和集中分区防控法,兼顾防治效果和工程特点,充分发挥单一方法的优点,又通过方法间融合与叠加,减弱甚至消除单一方法的弱点,为下一步探索科学有效、经济合理、绿色生态的防治方法提供了参考。

In recent years,the frequent occurrence of Limnoperna fortunei in water transfer projects affects the project operation and water quality safety.Based on the investigation of growth characteristics and hazards of Limnoperna fortunei,the advantages,disadvantages and applicable situations of physical,chemical and biological control methods are summarized.In addition,two new control methods under engineering conditions are introduced.It turns out that the physical method is the simplest but less practical for projects.The effect of chemical method is the most obvious.However,the by-products have potential risks to water quality safety.The biological method has the highest ecological benefits,while it takes a long time to have an effect.Multi-stage segmental prevention and centralized regional control under engineering conditions have taken into account the control effect and environmental benefits,given full play to the advantages of a single method,and reduced or even eliminated the weaknesses of a single method by integrating and superposing methods,which serves as references for the next step to explore scientific,effective,economical and ecological methods.