不同补灌水量对膜下滴灌马铃薯产量及水分利用的影响研究

Effects of Supplementary Irrigation on Yield and Water Use for Under-Mulch Drip of Potato in Arid Areas of Central Ningxia

以宁夏中部干旱带扬黄工程供水延伸区的膜下滴灌马铃薯为研究对象,依据2014-2015年灌溉试验数据分析了不同补充灌溉水量对马铃薯根区土壤水分、叶片光合生理、产量及水分利用效率的影响并提出适用于当地的补充灌溉模式。主要结论有:膜下滴灌马铃薯生长主要利用0~60 cm土层土壤水分,6月中下旬和7月下旬-8月上旬为需水关键期;叶片光合速率(Pn)及蒸腾速率(Tr)均呈双峰抛物线型变化,峰值出现在12∶00和16∶00,14∶00有极小值;补灌可提高马铃薯产量和水分生产效率,最大增幅分别为53.11%和12.88%;综合分析提出研究区马铃薯膜下滴灌补充灌溉定额1050 m3/hm2,灌水次数3次,即芽条生长期(5月中旬),块茎形成期(6月下旬)和块茎增长期(7月下旬)各1次。

Taking potato in limited irrigation areas of arid zones in central Ningxia as the research object,this paper analyzes the soil moisture,photosynthetic physiology,yield and water use efficiency of the potato under different water treatment by the irrigation experiment data for 2014-2015.Results indicate that:the growth of potato with under-mulch drip irrigation mainly uses the soil moisture of 0~60 cm soil layer,the middle and late of June and the last ten days of July to the first ten days of August to be the key period of water demand.The photosynthetic rate(Pn)and the transpiration rate(Tr)of the leaves are in a double-peak parabolic type,and the crest value is at 12∶00 and 16∶00,and 14∶00 has a minimum value.The yield and water production efficiency of the potato can be improved by reasonable supplementary irrigation,and the maximum growth rate is 53.11%and 12.88%,respectively.Comprehensive analysis,the under-mulch drip irrigation regime of potato is irrigation quota 1050 m3/hm2,irrigation 3 times,bud growing period,tuber formation stage and tuber growth period once each.