数据可视化表达的著作权认定--兼评黑洞照片争议

Copyright Recognition of Data Visualization——A Comment on Black Hole Photo Dispute

独创性作为著作权法的基石,近年来逐渐受到新型作品的冲击。以黑洞照片为代表的数据可视化表达伴随科技发展而产生,其通过可视化技术使单调的数据易于感知,但由于选择空间有限,较难满足现行"体现创作者个性"的独创性标准,而无法获得著作权法保护。出于激励创作者积极性的立法宗旨及利益平衡原则,可通过"功能审美二分"标准剔除单纯具有实用功能的数据可视化表达,再根据主客观相结合的判断标准,认定存在"较明显选择空间",且具有较大经济、社会价值的数据可视化表达为作品,从而拓展独创性认定标准的适用空间。

Originality as the cornerstone of copyright law,has been gradually impacted by new types of works in recent years.The visualization expression of data represented by Black Hole Photo comes into being with the development of science and technology,which makes monotonous data easy to be perceived through visualization technology.However,due to the limited choice space,it is difficult to meet the originality standard of"embodying the creator's personality and reaching the creation height"and obtain the copyright law protection.In order to stimulate the initiative of creators and follow the principle of interest balance,the"functional aesthetic dichotomy"standard can be used to eliminate the visual expression of data with only practical functions.Then,according to the judging standard of subjective and objec⁃tive combination,the visual expression of data with"more obvious choice space"and greater economic and social val⁃ue is identified as the work,thus expand the application space of originality standard.