VR技术在青少年男子足球运动员战术训练中的应用研究

Research of VR Technology in Tactical Training of Youth Male Soccer Players

目的:探究VR(Virtual Reality)战术训练的特点、验证不同年龄段青少年足球运动员进行VR训练的效果,并探讨影响VR训练效果的因素。方法:选取48名小学、初中和高中学段(每个学段实验组和对照组各8名)男子足球运动员为实验对象,对实验组运动员进行为期4周共10次的VR训练干预,利用《青少年战术知识测试系统》和Ekkono战术测试进行战术测评,比较干预前后战术能力的变化情况。结果:(1)小学组的战术能力明显低于初中和高中(P<0.05);(2)VR训练干预后小学实验组的战术测试系统得分和Ekkono测试评分均有明显提高(P<0.05),且与对照组相比,提高幅度有显著性差异(P<0.05),初中组和高中组无明显变化;(3)小学组的沉浸倾向得分、PESIS总得分以及探索性和愉悦感维度得出明显高于初中和高中(均有P<0.05),而初中组和高中组间无显著性差异。结论:(1)VR训练能够有效提高10~12岁小学足球运动员的战术训练效果;(2)不同年龄段青少年运动员在战术知识、沉浸倾向以及对VR训练的兴趣等方面的差异可能是引起训练效果差异的原因。

Objective: To explore the characteristics of VR(Virtual Reality) tactical training, verify the effect of VR training for young soccerl players of different ages, and analyze the factors and mechanisms that influence the effectiveness of VR training. Methods: 48 male soccer players were chosen from elementary, middle and high schools(8 in each experimental group and control group of each shool level) as experimental subjects to receive VR training interventions for 10 times in 4 weeks. The Youth Tactical Knowledge Test System and the Ekkono tactical test were used to compare the changes in tactical ability before and after the intervention. Results:(1) The tactical ability of elementary school group was significantly lower than that of junior high school group and high school group(P<0.05);(2) Elementary school experimental group’s tactical test system score and Ekkono test score were significantly improved(P<0.05) after the VR training.Compared with the control group, there was a significant difference in improvement(P<0.05), while junior school group and high school group presented no significant change;(3) Elementrary school group was significantly higher than junior school group and high school group in immersion propensity score, total PESIS score, and exploratory and pleasure dimensions(P<0.05), while there was no difference between junior school group and high school group. Conclusions:(1) VR training can efficiently improve the tactical training effect of elementary school football players aged 10-12.(2) In VR training, the differences in tactical knowledge, immersion tendency, and interest may be important reasons for the different training effects among three groups.