儿童非酒精性脂肪性肝病的危险因素及预防管理

Risk factors for childhood nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and related prevention and management strategies

儿童非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)是儿童和青少年慢性肝病最常见的病因之一,其独特的组织病理学和临床特征,导致该类疾病不仅可以发展为肝纤维化、肝硬化、肝癌,而且相对于成人NAFLD,更易导致其他重大相关性疾病的发生,增加病死率。因此,早期识别儿童NAFLD的危险因素,对高危人群进行有效筛查,积极预防,并尽早诊治,是临床有效管理该疾病的关键所在。阐述了儿童NAFLD的危险因素、筛查方式、预防保健措施等,旨在规范该病综合管理,降低患病率,延缓进展,减轻疾病所带来的经济及公共卫生负担。

Childhood nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most common cause of chronic liver diseases in children and adolescents;its unique histopathological and clinical features may lead to its progression to liver fibrosis,liver cirrhosis,and liver cancer,and compared with adult NAFLD,it is more likely to cause other diseases and increase mortality rate.Therefore,early identification of risk factors for childhood NAFLD,effective screening of high-risk population,active prevention,and early diagnosis and treatment are key to effective clinical management of this disease.This article elaborates on the risk factors,screening methods,and preventive healthcare measures for childhood NAFLD,in order to standardize the comprehensive management of NAFLD,reduce the prevalence rate of NAFLD,delay its progression,and alleviate the economic and public health burden brought by the disease.