缔约过失中机会利益损害赔偿研究

Research on Compensation of Opportunity Interest Damage in Contract Negligence

从立法规定、损害赔偿的客体、全面赔偿的要求三个方面分析,机会丧失救济有其合理性。可赔偿的缔约机会丧失需满足缔约人在缔约过程中违反先合同义务、缔约方受有损害、行为人有过错、行为与损害之间有因果关系四个构成要件。应避免对机会利益的赔偿造成责任范围的无限扩大化。对于损害需满足存在实际的可能实现的缔约机会、因“合理信赖”导致实际可能的缔约机会丧失、因缔约机会丧失造成不利益三个要件。应区分完全可以实现的缔约机会的赔偿与按照比例赔偿原则对具有一定实现几率的缔约机会的赔偿方法。对于丧失的缔约机会的赔偿不能重复赔偿,同时也要遵循过失相抵的损害赔偿原则。

From the perspective of legislation,the object of damage compensation,and the requirement for comprehensive compensation,the loss of opportunity relief has its reasonableness.The loss of compensable contracting opportunity needs to meet four constituent requirements:contractor's breach of contractual obligations during the contracting process,contracting party's damage,perpetrator's fault,and causal relationship between the behavior and the damage.The unlimited expansion of the scope of liability for compensation for opportunity benefits should be avoided.For damage,there are three requirements:the actual possible contracting opportunity should be satisfied,the actual possible contracting opportunity should be lost due to"reasonable trust",and no-interest should be caused due to the loss of the contracting opportunity.A distinction should be made between the compensation of fully achievable contracting opportunities and the method of compensation for contracting opportunities with a certain probability of realization according to the principle of proportional compensation.Compensation for lost contracting opportunities cannot be repeated,and at the same time,the principle of compensation for negligent damage must also be followed.