元朝官方域外交流考

Study on the Official Extraterritorial Communication of Yuan Dynasty

元朝是一个极其开放的大一统朝代,是中国古代与域外国家交流最频繁的时期之一。元朝的域外交流体系可分为:欧洲地区与东南亚地区、海上丝绸之路与路上丝绸之路、民间商贸与官方交流。在其域外交流过程中有两大特色,一是针对性采取域外交流战略,通过欧洲、东南亚的不同朝贡方物得以体现;二是元朝域外交流措施丰富、有效,主动制定和完善中外交流的政治制度、贸易法律以及驿站制度等。统治者建立的域外交流体系既可以丰富朝贡方物的研究,亦为当下"一带一路"倡议提供借鉴。

The Yuan Dynasty is an extremely open unified dynasty and one of the most frequent exchanges between ancient China and foreign countries.The extraterritorial exchange system of the Yuan Dynasty can be divided into:Europe and Southeast Asia,maritime silk road and silk road,private trade and official exchanges.There are two main features in its extraterritorial communication process.First,it adopts targeted extraterritorial exchange strategies,which are reflected through different tributes in Europe and Southeast Asia.Secondly,the Yuan Dynasty's foreign exchange measures are rich and effective,and it has actively formulated and improved the political system,trade law and post system for Sino-foreign exchanges.The extraterritorial communication system established by the rulers can not only enrich the study of tribute objects,but also provide a reference for the current"the Belt and Road"strategy.