中央治理与地方策略:杂谷土司与明中央关系研究

Central Governance and Local Strategies:Zagu Tusi and Ming Dynasty’s Local-Central Relations

在边疆土司与中央的关系中,中央王朝的“绝对权威性”占主导地位,但因不同地区、不同地方首领对朝廷提出的典章制度的理解和实施程度不同,地方的“相对能动性”改变着制度的执行。因此,运用互动视角对杂谷土司的设立、明中央的治理以及杂谷地方①对管理制度的灵活应对进行研究,显得更为客观。梳理相关史料不难发现,朝贡是明中央与杂谷土司互动交往的主要途径。双方在朝贡人数等方面,以明廷在管理上的宽缓而告终。需要指出,这是出于加强对西南少数民族地区治理的政治考量,体现了明中央落实朝贡制度的差异性,呈现出明中央与边疆土司的特殊关系。

Historically in the relations between frontier Tusi and the central government,the central feudal government occupied an“absolutely authoritative position”.Nevertheless,some“relatively flexible”policies and their implementations did exist due to the relations between local leaders or chiefs(such as minority people’s Tusi)and the central imperial rulers in handling the imperial institutions and edicts.It is assumed that interactive perspectives are conducive to understanding the justifications for the founding of Zagu Tusi,the Ming Dynasty’s governance and local Zagu government’s management.Our research shows that tribute was a major path for the interaction between the Ming Dynasty’s monarchy and Zagu Tusi,and the rise and fall of this institution indicated the development of relations between the two tiers of administration.