焊缝缺陷检测现状与展望综述

Review of status and prospect of weld defect detection

针对焊缝表面成形缺陷检测存在的技术问题,对现有焊缝缺陷检测技术即磁粉检测、超声检测、涡流检测、渗透检测、磁光成像检测、红外检测以及结构光视觉检测法进行了深入研究。对检测原理、系统基本结构、各自的适用范围以及研究现状进行了论述;并分析总结了基于结构光视觉检测法的激光条纹图像采集、图像处理、特征提取和焊缝缺陷分类识别等技术相关的理论与算法;研究结果表明:为了满足焊缝缺陷全方位检测要求,可融合多检测技术,优势互补;随着人工智能技术的不断发展和焊件质量要求的提高,实现焊缝缺陷检测技术可视化、自动化是未来的发展趋势;人工智能技术是焊缝缺陷检测的关键技术,实现真正智能化检测需进一步研究。

Aiming at the technical problems of weld surface shape defect detection,the weld surface defect detection methods were studied.The principle,basic structure,application scope and the research status of magnetic particle testing,ultrasonic testing,eddy current testing,penetrant testing,magneto-optical imaging testing,infrared detection and structured-light vision testing were discussed.The theory and algorithm of image acquisition,image processing,feature extraction and weld defect classification and recognition based on structured-light vision testing were summarized and analyzed systematically.The results indicate that in order to meet the requirements of comprehensive inspection of weld defects,multi-inspection technology can be integrated and the advantages are complementary.With the development of artificial intelligence technology and the improvement of welded parts quality requirements,the realization of weld defects detection technology visualization,automation is the future development trend.Artificial intelligence technology is the key technology of weld defect detection.There is still a long way in that the real intelligent detection is achieved.