跨域突发公共卫生事件机理分析与应对机制设计

Analysis of the Mechanism of and Response to Trans-boundary Public Health Emergencies

作为突发事件中对人类生命、生活影响重大的跨域突发公共卫生事件,对其快速有效的应急应对成为现在及未来的一个重大课题和挑战。“现象描绘——机理分析——机制设计”不失为迎接这一挑战的良好思路:首先运用涟漪效应、溢出效应和挤占效应来刻画跨域突发公共卫生事件发生时的外在表象形式,重点突出其跨域快速扩散的特点;其次运用“4L-5S”模型,以重大传染病为例,从危机发生的生命周期五阶段切入,在原理层上深入分析其在不同阶段的内在发生机理,重点探讨最重要的发展阶段的发展机理,突出跨域突发公共卫生事件在发展过程中的蔓延、转化、衍生、耦合机理;最后基于“4L-5S”模型的流程层和操作层与突发公共卫生事件在生命周期中五个阶段的应急响应举措,提出更具有实践可操作性的跨域突发公共卫生事件的协作应对机制,即府际应急合作协议机制、联席会议制度机制、联动应急预案编制机制、应急信息通报共享机制、联合应急处置机制以及应急资源共享机制。

With the increase of complex and uncertain social factors,the trans-boundary relations are also increasing in the mordent society.The response to the public health emergency,one of the emergencies which seriously affect people s life and the whole society,has become a hot issue and a big challenge for mankind.Following the logic of“phenomenon description,inner mechanism of the emergency analysis,and the response system design”,this paper uses the ripple effect,spillover effect,and the crowding out effect to describe the external phenomenon of public health emergency,and focuses on the character of trans-boundary.Secondly,it uses the“4L-5S”model to analyze the inner mechanism of the serious infectious disease,as the typical example of the public health emergency,in each stage of the emergency life cycle process,and discusses the development mechanism which,as the most important part in the development stage,includes the sub-mechanisms of spread,transformation,derivation,and coupling.Finally,we design a more practical cooperative response system according to the coordination of the process layer&implementing layer of the“4L-5S”model with the five stages of the life cycle of trans-boundary public health emergency.The response system includes the following elements:inter-governmental emergency cooperation agreement mechanism,joint meeting system mechanism,linkage emergency plan preparation mechanism,emergency information sharing mechanism,cooperative emergency response system,and the emergency resource sharing system.