汉语单音节感官义类词群的语义取象及认知特性探析

An Analysis of Semantic Imagery and Cognitive Characteristics of Monosyllabic Sensory Word Groups in Chinese

“语义取象”作为语义中被突显的经验性倾向,形式上表现为抽象化的认知取象模型,如同词义的基因密码,被永久地携带并基因性地推动了词义的引申路径和发展方向。对语义取象类型的提取过程,重点关注词义的本源,通过本义和造意的根源性追寻,获取词义在创制初期的意象特征。同时结合词义发展的线性脉络,通过字、形、义的相互关系,从经验性方面抽取词义的认知图象,并立足语言使用者的“共同语义能力”,借助问卷调查反求当代“共同语义能力”与本义之“象”的吻合度。以语义和词性为纲,归纳出感官义类词群的11个语义取象类型,是概念语义从零维层面反映认知显著性及范畴化经验标准的重要例证。

The semantic imagery is the empirical tendency highlighted in the semantics and is formally expressed as an abstract cognitive acquisition model. The so-called genetic code of word meaning genetically promotes the extension and development of the word meaning. The process of extracting semantic imagery types focuses on the origin of meaning items. Through the root pursuit of original meanings and intentions, this study obtains the image features of word meaning in the early stage of creation. At the same time, combined with the linear context of the development of word meanings, it extracts the recognition of meaning items from the aspects of experience. And based on the "Common Semantic Ability" of language users, it seeks the consistency of the contemporary common semantic ability and the image of the original meanings. Based on the semantics and part of speech, it summarizes 11 types of Semantic Imagery, which are important indicators to recognize saliency and localized empirical criteria from conceptual semantic representation.