论科拉科夫斯基的神话思想

On the Mythical Thought of Leszek Kolakowski

科拉科夫斯基认为,神话广泛存在于知识活动、艺术创作、语言、情感、道德价值、技术工作以及性的生活等人类交往领域,其任务是揭示绝对现实,赋予经验世界以价值和意义。沿着卡西尔的理路,科拉科夫斯基对神话的结构和作用做了文化哲学的阐述,并断定:以科学技术为主导意识形态而将神话意识纳入知识话语秩序的努力是不会成功的。他对神话存在的必要性之信念远远大于对它的经验性领会,并认为神话与反神话之冲突的辩证法构成了文化运转的动力。尽管宗教神学经常被论及,但他的整个论证并非奠基于宗教神学,而是和保罗·利科共享着来自大陆现象学(尤其是胡塞尔)和后海德格尔存在主义的思想资源。神话在场理论是20世纪五六十年代科拉科夫斯基走向马克思主义的人道主义之思的重要组成部分。

Leszek Kolakowski claims that myth presents in all realms of human intercourse-intellectual labors,artistic creation,language,value,sexual life,scientific activities,and so on.Its task will reveal unconditioned reality,and endow conditioned reality with meaning and value.Kolakowski follows the path from Ernst Cassirer and discusses the structure and function of myth from the perspective of cultural philosophy.He asserts that all efforts which attempt to make the mythical consciousness into the order of knowledge discourse are unlikely to succeed.The belief in necessary presence of myth in human society is more than its empirical grasp.Although Kolakowski always mentions religious theology in his writing,his justification is not based on religious theology,but shares the same resources from continental phenomenology(especially Husserl)and post-Heidegger with Paul Ricoeur.The theory of presence of myth is an important part of his orientation toward Marxism Humanism in the 1960s.