医学生在校3年体质量和体脂及体型的变化

Changes in body mass,body fat,and somatotype in medical students during 3⁃year college period

目的了解医学生在校期间体质量、体脂和体型的变化,为管理体质量促进健康提供科学依据。方法跟踪100名医学生(男生44名,女生56名),分别于大学二年级和五年级下学期初,测量体质量、身高、腰围、体脂肪量、去脂量和体脂率。结果3年间男生体质量、体质指数、腰围、体脂量、去脂量、体脂率分别增加4.46 kg、1.35 kg/m^2、4.33 cm、2.48 kg、1.98 kg,2.57%,而女生腰围增加0.78 cm,去脂量减少0.8 kg。男生79.5%体质量增加,平均增加5.9 kg;女生仅46.4%体质量增加,平均增加3.25 kg,女生41.1%体质量降低,平均降低2.73 kg。3年间男生体型构成比发生明显变化(P<0.05),中心型肥胖前期率和中心型肥胖率分别增加18.2%和4.5%。腰围变化与体质量变化、体脂率变化呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论医学生在校后期,男生体质量和中心型肥胖明显增加,是体质量管理的重点对象。

Objective To understand the changes in body mass,body fat mass,and somatotype in medical students during the college period so as to provide the scientific evidence for body mass management and health promotion.Methods Anthropometric assessments including body mass,height,waist circumference(WC),fat mass,fat⁃free mass,and body fat rate(percentage)were conducted at the beginning of the second year and the five grade year in 100 medical college students including 44 males and 56 females.Results During the 3⁃year period,in the males,the increases of body mass,BMI,WC,fat mass,fat⁃free mass,and body fat rate were 4.46 kg,1.35 kg/m2,4.33 cm,2.48 kg,1.98 kg,and 2.57%,respec⁃tively;in the females,the increase of WC was 0.78 cm,but the decrease of fat⁃free mass was 0.8 kg.The body mass of 79.5%of the males increased and the average of the increased body mass was 5.9 kg;the body mass of 46.4%of the females increased and the average of the increased body mass was 3.25 kg,but the body mass of 41.4%of the females decreased and the average of the decreased body mass was 2.73 kg.The constituent ratio of somatotype in the males changed significantly during the 3⁃year period(P<0.05).The increased percentages of the males classified as pre⁃central obesity and central obesity were 18.2%and 4.5%,respectively.The WC change had a significant positive correlation with the changes of both body mass and body fat rate(P<0.01).Conclusion The body mass and central obesity among the male students in this medical college increase significantly during the last three years,and they should be the focus objects of the body mass management strategy.