基于Landsat遥感影像的黄河三角洲东营段海岸线变化分析

Analysis of coastline variations in Dongying section of Yellow River Delta based on Landsat remote sensing image

基于Landsat遥感影像数据,利用平均高潮线法提取了1986—2015年的海岸线,运用GIS技术分析了黄河三角洲东营段面积的淤蚀变化、海岸线迁移特征及其时空变化规律,以及淤蚀变化与入海水沙的关系。结果表明:1986—1997年黄河三角洲东营段处于持续蚀退状态,蚀退面积约为180 km^2;1997—2006年淤积后面积相对稳定,2006年面积和1986年相差不大;自2008年开始呈现轻微蚀退状态;蚀退速率和淤积速率最快的时段分别为2011—2013年和1997—1999年。海岸线时空变化特征显著,黄河入海口段变化最为剧烈,海岸线方向和形态不断变化,向海延伸;东营港及邻近岸段区域面积基本稳定;刁口段、莱州湾岸段年间淤进和蚀退交替进行,总体上均处于蚀退状态。黄河三角洲东营段海岸线变化主要受黄河流路变化、入海水沙和海水侵蚀的影响,黄河调水调沙工程的长期实施对于近年来河口海岸线的变迁具有深刻影响。

Based on the Landsat remote sensing image data, the coastline from 1986 to 2015 was extracted by using the mean high tide line method. The erosion and accumulation changes, shoreline migration characteristics and their temporal and spatial changes in the area of Dongying section of the Yellow River Delta were analyzed by using GIS technology, as well as the relationship between the erosion and accumulation changes and the water and sediment entering the sea. The results show that the Dongying section of the Yellow River Delta was in a state of continuous erosion and regression from 1986 to 1997, with an area of about 180 km^2. From 1997 to 2006, the area after accumulation was relatively stable, and there was little difference between 2006 and 1986. Since 2008, it has been in a slight state of erosional regression, with the fastest erosion rate and accumulation rate in the periods from 2011 to 2013 and from 1997 to 1999, respectively. The temporal and spatial characteristics of coastline change are significant and it is most acutely in the estuary of the Yellow River. The direction and shape of coastline change constantly and extend to the sea. The area of Dongying Port and its adjacent section is basically stable. In Diaokou section and Laizhou Bay bank section, the erosion and accumulation are carried out alternately, and they are in erosional regressive state over all. The coastline change of Dongying section of the Yellow River Delta is mainly affected by the change of the Yellow River flow path, the water and sediment entering the sea and the sea erosion. The long-term implementation of "Water and sediment regulation project of the Yellow River" has a profound impact on the change of the estuary coastline in recent years.