广州市用水结构空间均衡差异性分析

Analysis of spatial equilibrium of water consumption structure in Guangzhou City

以空间均衡治水方针为指导思想,采用基于洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数的方法,对广州市用水结构整体趋势及均衡差异性进行了分析。结果表明:广州市用水结构空间分配不够均衡,大部分区域已超过设定的警戒线标准;农业用水空间分配差距较大,主要集中于从化、花都、增城区等市内非核心区;工业用水结构虽然整体分布较均衡,但黄埔区与其余区域存在巨大差异,区位熵是其他区域工业平均区位熵的3倍;居民生活、城镇公共、生态环境用水结构空间分配差距悬殊,表现为向天河、越秀、荔湾等市内核心区域集中,且用水量保持逐年增加的趋势,这在一定程度上加剧了区域差异性;各类用水结构差异性虽已得到有效控制,空间均衡性处于平稳阶段,但仍未达到"空间均衡"治水目标,应进一步强化用水监督管理,实现用水结构合理布局和水资源的优化配置。

Following the idea of water management with spatial equilibrium, we analyzed the overall trend and equilibrium difference of water consumption structure in Guangzhou City by Lorentz curves and Gini coefficient. The results indicate that, the spatial distribution of water consumption structure is not balanced and most regions have exceeded the warning line;There is a big gap in the spatial distribution of agricultural water consumption,mainly concentrated in Conghua, Huadu, Zengcheng and other non-core urban areas;Although the overall distribution of industrial water consumption is more balanced, there are significant differences between Huangpu District and the rest of the region. And the location quotient(LQ) of Huangpu District is three times of the industrial average. There are significant differences among water consumptions of residents, urban public and ecological environment. This can be illustrated as more water consumed in downtown areas like Tianhe, Yuexiu, Liwan, etc. and increasing water consumption year by year, which, to some extent, exacerbates regional differences. The differences in water consumption structure are already under control and the spatial equilibrium has reached the stable stage, but the goal of "spatial equilibrium" is still to be achieved. We should keep on strengthening the supervision and management of water consumption to achieve the rational water consumption structure and optimal allocation of water resources.