七律结构论的模式化及其消解--以徐增的七律分解说及其创作实践为中心

Patterning and dissolution of seven-syllabic verse structure:Centering on the decomposition and composition practice of Xu Zeng’s seven-syllabic verse

徐增诗学历来被学者认为与金圣叹诗学一脉相承,关于律诗分解的论说也被视为只是对金圣叹七律分解说的接受,而未被注意到两者间存在的很大差异。其实徐增的律诗分解说对金圣叹的学说作了很大程度的改造,扬弃了金说僵化、机械的成分,从而对律诗结构提出更圆通的解释和分析。这种认识不仅体现在他的唐诗解说中,更体现在自己的写作实践上。考察徐增现存的所有七律,清楚可见其用更灵活的方式处理七律的章法结构,不仅大部分作品摆脱两段分解的结构,更有一些作品表现出脱逸常格、追求创变的趣向。这一结果验证了徐增在理论认知和写作实践两方面的一致性。徐增的诗论和诗作可以成为诗学史研究的一个经典个案。

Xu Zeng’s poetics has long been considered to be in the same line with that of Jin Shengtan's poetics.Statements on the decomposition of his regular poems are often regarded as mere acceptance of and inheritance from Jin’s theory of decomposing seven-syllabic verse with yet their wide disparities being ignored.But in fact,Xu greatly modified Jin’s theory by discarding the rigid and mechanical elements in Jin's theory,and put forward more flexible interpretation and analysis of the structure of regular poetry.Such perception and recognition is embodied not only in his interpretation of Tang poetry but also in his own poetry composition practice.Probing into all of Xu’s extant seven-syllabic verses,we can clearly uncover his more flexible structure of arranging seven-syllabic verse so that most of his poems have got rid of the traditional two-part structure of decomposition,and that some poems have even broken off the regular meter and rhyme with a tendency of innovation.Such a result verifies Xu’s continuity in theory cognition and writing practice.Hence,Xu Zeng's poetic theory of decomposition and his composition practice can be a classic case in the study of the history of poetics.