量刑情节的界定和区分

The definition and classification of sentencing factors

我国《量刑指导意见》在量刑情节的界定和区分上过于简单。并合主义刑罚目的理论中,如果强调量刑阶段的一般预防目的,则应当界定量刑情节为:反映行为的社会危害性的情节,与报应和一般预防的刑罚目的相关的反映行为人人身危险性的罪前情节,还有与定罪活动紧密相关的反映行为人人身危险性的罪中罪后情节。根据量刑情节具体实现的刑罚目的,可以将量刑情节分为责任刑情节、一般预防刑情节和特殊预防刑情节。在基准刑的基础上,根据责任刑情节设定“责任刑上限”;在法定刑幅度下限的基础上,根据一般预防刑情节设定“一般预防刑下限”。在没有减轻情节的情况下,案件最后的宣告刑,应当在“责任刑上限”和“一般预防刑下限”的区间内,从而既保护被告人人权,又保障规范的权威性。

The definition and distinction of sentencing factors in Chinese Sentencing Guidelines on Common Crimes are too simple.If the Comprehensive Theory emphasizes the general prevention purpose,the sentencing factors should be defined as the factors that reflect the social harm of the action,the factors that reflect the future danger of the perpetrator related to the purpose of retribution and general prevention before the crime happens,and the factors that are closely related to the conviction activities when or after the crime happens.According to the purpose of penalty,the sentencing factors can be classified to responsibility penalty factors,general prevention penalty factors and special prevention penalty factors.On the basis of the benchmark penalty,"the upper limit of responsibility penalty"can be set.And on the basis of the lowest statutory sentence,"the lower limit of general prevention penalty"can be set.In the absence of extenuating factors,the final penalty should be set between"the upper limit of responsibility penalty"and"the lower limit of general prevention penalty",so as to protect both the human rights of the accused and the authority of the norms.