布莱恩·蒂尔尼“公会议至上理论”研究述评

A Review of the Study on Brain Tierney’s Conciliar Theory

传统研究中,学者们多将"公会议至上理论"的源头归于中世纪世俗的政治理论和帝国公法学家们的思想。第二次梵蒂冈公会议召开后,以公会议历史为中心的研究再次引发了学者们的兴趣。1955年,蒂尔尼出版《公会议至上理论的基础:从格拉蒂安到大分裂的中世纪教会法学家之贡献》一书,从12、13世纪的教会法传统阐释了"公会议至上理论"的起源:12世纪教会法汇要学家关于教宗、教会、公会议等问题的讨论,13世纪教令学家提出的共同体理论,14世纪约翰和扎巴里拉等人对传统教会法理论的综合和演绎,最终在政治形势的催动下促成"公会议至上理论"的成熟。蒂尔尼的研究否定了"公会议至上理论"起源于教会外部说,将"公会议至上理论"定义为教会法发展史上的一环,同时为"公会议至上理论"的研究提供了宗教神学的思路。

In traditional researches,scholars traced the origin of conciliar theory to the secular regime theory and the ideas of imperial publicists in the middle ages.After the convening of the Second Vatican Council,the research centering on the conciliar history attracted the interests of scholars again.In 1955,Tierney published Foundations of the Conciliar Theory,which interpreted the origin of conciliar theory from the perspective of canonical tradition in the 12 th and 13 th centuries.The argument of decretists on pope,church and council in the 12 th century,the concepts of corporation of decretalists in the 13 th century,and the synthesis and development of traditional canon law by John and Zabarella in the 14 th century,eventually led to the maturity of conciliarism under the impetus of political situation.The researches of Tierney deny the argument that the conciliar theory originated from the outside of church,define"conciliarism"as a link in the development history of canon law,and simultaneously offer the thinking of religious theology to the research of conciliar theory.