体育公园运营模式研究综述与展望

Summary and Prospect of Sports Park Operation Model

运用文献资料法,对中国知网1995-2020年内发表的488篇有关体育公园在投资主体、管理与运营方面的相关研究问题进行综述性研究。通过纵性梳理:①我国体育公园存在的福利性是计划经济体制下的社会主义体育事业属性本质的体现,现阶段我国体育公园主要存在福利型与经营型两种运营模式;②福利型体育公园表现特征为供给主体单一,政府全面负责的管理型服务模式,其运营与管理面临着政府部门干预,自主权不够、供给制度缺乏保障等问题,因此明显地暴露出其福利性与市场经济不相适应的弊端;③经营型体育公园表现特征为市场参与,政府主导下的多元化服务型管理模式,其运营与管理是由政府部门进行宏观管理,并引进多元化投资结构、利用各种社会机构进行承包,如采用政府购买、合同外包、特许经营等市场化经营模式,或与社会机构组成合资企业,全面负责体育公园的管理与运行,因此经营型体育公园具有以公益性为主导服务于大众,经济性服务于公益性两者良性循环的发展优势。希望通过对国内外体育公园相关议题与研究方法的探究,以期把握体育公园可持续发展的命脉和规律,为我国体育公园可持续发展开拓新的研究视野。

Based on the research of literature,this paper makes a comprehensive study on 488 articles published by CHKI from 1995 to 2020 about research issues of sports parks in terms of investment,management and operation.Through longitudinal combing:①The welfare of sports parks in China is the embodiment of the essence of socialist sports under the market-planned economic system.At present,there are two operation modes in China's sports parks:welfare type and management type;②The performance characteristics of the supply subject of the welfare sports park is single,the government is fully responsible for the management of the service model.Its operation and management are faced with the problems of government intervention,lack of autonomy and guarantee of the supply system and so on.The disadvantages of welfare and market economy are obviously exposed.③The management sports park is characterized by market participation and the government-led diversified service model.Its operation and management is carried out by the government macro management,introducing of a diversified investment structure and using various contracting by social institutions,such as government purchase,contract outsourcing,franchising and other business model,or forming joint ventures with social institutions which is fully responsible for the management and operation of sports parks.Therefore,the management sports parks have the advantages of serving the public with both welfare and economy.This paper hopes to sort out the related issues and research methods of sports parks at home and abroad,and finds out laws of the sustainable development of sports parks,so as to expand a new research horizons for the sustainable development of sports parks in China.