国家自主性及现代国家类型的流变

Research on the State Autonomy and Evolution of the Modern States

国家自主性理论有非常丰富的研究成果,从经典马克思主义作家到新马克思主义,再到回归国家学派及制度研究学者都提出了各自的理论模型,分别从利益要求、意识形态、权力主体和国家能力等不同角度揭示了国家自主性的特征,创造了复杂的理论要素。这些要素综合起来可以建立一个要素-机制模型,包括压力、主体、价值和利益、资源动员及能力效果等,形成一个具有逻辑关联且有一定解释力的新框架。运用这一框架分析现代国家类型的流变,可以总结出四大类型国家:资本国家、军警国家、保姆国家和公民国家。这四大类型国家既有各自的特殊性,又有一定的时间连贯性,呈现出一个多线发展的、复杂性的国家形态演变过程。

State autonomy is an important concept in the state theory.Marxist classic writers have put forward a concept“relative autonomy”,and based on this concept,Neo-Marxist explores its formation further.The historical institutionalism also developes the theory by analyzing it with historical practice.On the base of former research achievements,a comprehensive theory frame named the factor-mechanic model could be constituted,which consists of values,agency,institution and state behavior from inside to outside.And these factors correspond to the state’s aims(what is state autonomy),subjects(whose autonomy),approaches(how to form state autonomy),and performances(what influence)as well.On the basis of this concept model,evolution of modern states could be found through the historical practices,which have four types that is Police state,Bourgeois State,Nanny State and Citizen State.These state types could be compared and analyzed in different dimensions,for example values,agency,state’s nature,the model of power operation,and social influence.This research would be induced into an overall framework of state autonomy.These types of modern states have different particularity,and also have temporal coherence,which formed a multiple and complex evolution model of state frame.