中美高校网络课程发展政策导向与实施路径的差异性分析——基于知识转型外在制度逻辑的视角

Analysis on the Policy Orientation of Online Courses Development in Chinese and American Universities and the Differences of Implementation Path between Two Countries:Based on the Perspective of External Institutional Logic of Knowledge Transition

外在制度属于正式制度的范畴,由统治阶级的政治权力机构“自上而下”设计出来,并强加于社会付诸实施。中美两国政治体制不同,所以注定会因为“知识转型”外在制度的不同导致中美高校网络课程发展的差异性,这种差异性较为明显地表现在政策导向和实施路径方面。在政策导向上,美国高校网络课程发展由微观动机转向宏观政策行为,中国高校网络课程发展以宏观政策行为来激励微观动机;在实施路径上,美国高校网络课程发展采取“自下而上”的实施路径,中国高校网络课程发展采取“自上而下”的实施路径。

The external system belongs to the scope of formal system,which is designed by the political authority of the ruling community from the superior institutes to the subordinate units and imposed to be implemented.Because of the different political systems in China and America,the different external systems of knowledge transition will lead to differences on online courses in these two countries''universities,which will be embodied obviously on the aspects of policy orientation and implementation path.In terms of policy orientation,the development of online courses in American universities has changed from micro-motivation to macro-policy behavior,while the development of online courses in Chinese universities has been motivated by macro-policy behavior.In terms of implementation path,the development of online courses in American universities has adopted the"bottom-up"implementation path,while in Chinese universities it has adopted with the path of"top-down".