高考英语语法填空和短文改错探析及解决对策——以2016—2019年高考英语全国卷为例

Analysis and Solutions on Grammar Gap-filling Task and Proofreading:A Case Study on NMETs 2016-2019

语法填空和短文改错是近四年高考英语卷必考的构建性题型,包括修改、添加和删除,删除只出现在改错中,内容涉及到词法、语法和句法。英汉共有的是介词、语言逻辑、状语从句和名词从句。英语独有的是冠词、定语从句、派生和曲折词缀。派生词缀形成词法规则,曲折词缀表现为语法作用和句法规则。前缀后缀一般改变词义和词性。名词曲折表现为复数和属格,形容词和副词表现为等级,代词则有人称、数、性和格。动词曲折体现时、体、态、式及限定动词和非限定动词,构成英语句法核心。限定从属分句加入使句子变得复杂。两类题型的130个例句初步整合了高中英语词法、语法和句法。本文拟对全国卷2016—2019年24篇两类题型作详细归类分析,探究应对这两类题型的具体办法。

Grammar Gap-filling Task and Proofreading are the essential constructed-response item formats in the latest four NMETs,including revision,addition,and deletion which only appears in proofreading,whose contents consist of morphology,grammar and syntax.What both English and Chinese share are Preposition,language logic,Adverbial and Nominal Clauses,while English exclusively has Article,Adjective Clause,the morphological rules from derivational affix,and the grammatical and syntactic rules from inflectional affix.The addition or deletion of prefix or suffix helps a word respectively change its word meaning or class.With an inflectional affix,a noun shares plural and genitive case,an adjective or an adverb a different degree,a pronoun an agreement of person,number and gender with case;and a verb presents the changes of tense,aspect,voice,mood,and,finite and nonfinite,which is the syntactic core.A simple sentence with one or more finite subordinate clauses then becomes more complicated.130 examples from the Grammar Gap-filling Task and Proofreading from NMETs 2016-2019 roughly prove English morphology,grammar and syntax in Senior High School.This paper attempts to sort out and analyze the two constructed-response item formats of NMET,totaling 24 articles from 2016 to 2019,and to explore the specific solutions to them.