预切种式甘蔗横向排种器设计与试验

Design and Test of Transverse Transplanter for Pre-cut Sugarcane

为实现蔗种精准横向播种,设计了一种预切种式甘蔗横向排种器。通过对蔗种在排种器中的运动分析和基于Recurdyn软件的排种器运动仿真,探究排种器传送链轴转速、提升传送链倾角和集蔗箱倾角对排种性能的影响。利用自制的简易链式甘蔗排种器试验平台,对排种器的一级链轴转速、传送链倾角和集蔗箱倾角等参数进行试验研究,结果表明:传送链倾角和一级链轴转速对排种性能具有极显著的影响,集蔗箱倾角对排种性能的影响不显著;排种性能的最优参数组合为传送链倾角55°、链轴转速9.16 r/min、集蔗箱倾角45°。室内验证试验表明,排种器的合格率为92.6%、漏植率为5%、重植率为3.2%,说明排种器能有效避免排种过程的重植和漏植现象,减少播种过程的耗种量。田间验证试验表明,排种方向合格率93.37%,排种株距合格率90.33%,排种株距在33~49.5cm的合理株距范围内,实现了双蔗芽蔗种的精准横向播种。

In order to realize the accurate horizontal seeding of sugarcane seeds,a kind of pre-cutting sugarcane transplanter was designed.The influence that the speed of seed metering chain,angle of chain and angle of cane box made on the performance of planting was confirmed by analyzing the movement of the planting device and the simulation study.By using the sugarcane planter test platform,the physical experiments of the first-stage chain speed,the angle of conveyor chain inclination and the cane box inclination angle of planting device were carried out.The experiment results showed that the angle of chain had a very significant impact on the performance of planter.The speed of chain shaft and angle of box had no significant effect on the performance of planter.The order of primary and secondary factors affecting performance was the angle of conveyor chain,rotation speed of chain shaft,and inclination angle of cane box.There was no interaction between these factors.The optimal value of chain angle was 55°,the best value of chain shaft speed was 9.16 r/min,the best inclination angle of cane box was 45°.In performance verification experiments,missing seed rate was 5%,replanting rate was 3.2%and pass rate was 92.6%.The reseed phenomenon during the planting can be effectively avoided.The seed consumption can be reduced during the planting process,and the missing seed phenomenon can also be avoided during the planting process.The qualified rate of seed metering direction was 93.37%,and the qualified rate of seed metering plant spacing was 90.33%.The spacing of planting was between 33 cm and 49.5 cm(a reasonable range),and the precise horizontal planting of double-buds section sugarcane can be realized.