拖拉机防护装置自动静载试验系统设计

Design of Automatic Static Load Test System of Tractor Roll-over Protective Structures

针对拖拉机防护装置静态试验设备调节繁琐、自动化程度和作业效率低等问题,设计了拖拉机防护装置自动静载试验系统。该试验系统由机械加载及辅助系统、液压系统和测控系统等组成,采用一次性夹持固定拖拉机防护装置,通过三维移动加载立柱、压垮横梁以及手动/遥控调节、自动加载等方式,实现拖拉机防护装置在不同工况下的静载试验。利用该试验系统对WD1104型轮式拖拉机驾驶室进行了水平纵向加载、侧向加载和2次垂直压垮试验,试验结果表明,系统性能稳定,纵向加载和侧向加载下的能量控制误差分别为0.55%、0.03%,垂直后压垮和垂直前压垮试验压垮力控制误差分别为0.63%、0.16%,满足相关标准对试验设备的要求。

Aiming to solve the problem of the cumbersome adjustment of the static test equipment of tractor roll-over protective structures,high labor intensity,the low degree of automation and efficiency of operation,a static load test system for tractor roll-over protective structures which can greatly reduce labor force,improve automation level and increase the utilization of site was developed.Based on the modular design of the test system,it was composed of mechanical loading and auxiliary system,hydraulic power source system,data acquisition and processing system,control system,etc.The tractor roll-over protective structure was fixed by disposable clamping,and the static load test of the tractor roll-over protective structures under different working conditions was realized by moving the loading column in different spatial locations,pressing the beam,manual or remote adjustment and automatic loading and so on.The test system established the communication between the industrial computer and the PLC,it had a wide range of applications,and it can not only test the four-post and six-post cabs of agricultural machinery,but also test the folding and non-folding safety frames.The horizontal longitudinal,lateral and two times vertical pressure tests of WD1104 wheeled tractor safety cab were carried out by using the test system.The results showed that the performance of the system was stable,the energy control error under longitudinal loading and lateral loading was 0.55%and 0.03%,the crushing force control error of vertical rear crushing and vertical front crushing tests was 0.63%and 0.16%,respectively.Therefore,the static load test system can meet the requirements of the relevant standards for test equipment.