中外科技伦理法规政策比较研究

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Foreign Laws and Regulations on Science and Technology Ethic

科技伦理制度的完善有助于解决科技伦理问题,在比较视野下分析国内外科技伦理法规政策对于完善我国科技伦理制度大有裨益。国内的科技伦理制度尚未形成体系,对于工程伦理、信息伦理和生态伦理关注不足,存在集中制定、多头制定、轻视科技伦理原则和忽视行为人权利等问题。国外科技伦理法规政策体现出重视科研伦理、重视科研人员权利、重视科技伦理原则、重视新兴科技伦理等特点。根据考察结果,结合我国实际提出秉承预防原则制定科技伦理制度、构建统一的科技伦理制度体系、注重法律权利和科技伦理原则在制度中的深度融合、将科技伦理制度纳入科技伦理通识教育等建议。

The solution of the science and technology ethical problems depends on the improvement of the of science and technology ethical institution. From a comparative perspective,the analysis of domestic and foreign laws,regulations and policies of science and technology ethics is of great benefit to the improvement of China’s science and technology ethical institution. Domestic science and technology ethical institution has not yet formed a system. There is insufficient attention to engineering ethics,information ethics and ecological ethics,and some problems such as centralized formulation,multi-pronged formulation,ignoring the science and technology ethical principles and doer rights in China’s science and technology ethical institution. Foreign laws and regulations of science and technology ethics reflect the characteristics of attaching importance to research ethics,the rights of researcher,the science and technology ethical principles,and the emerging science and technology ethics. Based on the investigation results of domestic and foreign science and technology ethical institutions,and in light of China’s actual situation,some suggestions are put forward,such as formulating science and technology ethical system based on the precautionary principle,establishing a unified science and technology ethical institutional system,paying attention to the deep integration of legal rights and science and technology ethical principles in the system,and incorporating science and technology ethical system into general education of science and technology ethics.